In which case did the Supreme Court establish judicial review?

In which case did the Supreme Court establish judicial review?

• A. Brown v. Board of Education
• B. Marbury v. Madison
• C. Dred Scott v. Sandford
• D. United States v. Nixon

Answer: (B)

The establishment of judicial review is a pivotal moment in United States legal history, setting the precedent for the Supreme Court's role in interpreting the Constitution and checking the powers of the other branches of government. In the case of Marbury v. Madison, decided in 1803, Chief Justice John Marshall articulated the principle of judicial review, asserting the Court's authority to invalidate laws that conflict with the Constitution. This case arose when William Marbury petitioned the Supreme Court to compel Secretary of State James Madison to deliver his commission as a justice of the peace. Marshall concluded that while Marbury had a right to his commission, the section of the Judiciary Act of 1789 that granted the Supreme Court the power to issue such orders was itself unconstitutional. This landmark decision underscored the judiciary's role as a check on legislative and executive powers, thereby establishing the framework for constitutional interpretation that remains in effect today.

The establishment of judicial review is a pivotal moment in United States legal history, setting the precedent for the Supreme Court's role in interpreting the Constitution and checking the powers of the other branches of government. In the case of Marbury v. Madison, decided in 1803, Chief Justice John Marshall articulated the principle of judicial review, asserting the Court's authority to invalidate laws that conflict with the Constitution. This case arose when William Marbury petitioned the Supreme Court to compel Secretary of State James Madison to deliver his commission as a justice of the peace. Marshall concluded that while Marbury had a right to his commission, the section of the Judiciary Act of 1789 that granted the Supreme Court the power to issue such orders was itself unconstitutional. This landmark decision underscored the judiciary's role as a check on legislative and executive powers, thereby establishing the framework for constitutional interpretation that remains in effect today.